Global Warming Essay -- Environment, Climate Change

How much global warming we are going to see from extra CO2 depends on how sensitive the climate system is. David C Frank, Jan Esper, Christoph C Raible, Ulf Bà ¼ntgen, Valerie Trouet and Benjamin Stocker have published a study to improve the estimations of the carbon cycle sensitivity to climate and climate projections for the future. The carbon cycle sensitivity-which is important for global warming projections-to climate is the increase or decrease of atmospheric CO2 concentrations which lead to an increase or decrease in temperature6. As we can observe from different estimations, the increase or decrease of carbon concentrations in the atmosphere have changed during the past millennium6.There were certain periods where the temperatures were low (Little Ice Age) and other periods where the temperatures were higher (Medieval Warm Period)6. The present geological period is the Holocene which began approximately 10000 years ago4. Even though the geological period is the same since mo re than 10000 years ago, many climatic variations have occurred. For example, the Little Ice Age is the period between 16th century and 19th century, being 1601-1630 the coldest of the past millennium6.In the opposite side we find that the warmest pre-instrumental period was during the Medieval Warm Period, and more precisely, between the years 1071-11006. Moreover the warmest instrumental period (with records back to 1850) was the period 1971-20006.There are many factors that influence the climate variability. These factors can be classified as internal or external to the climate system. Examples of external influence are anthropogenic activities and natural influences (e.g. volcanic activity) 11. Anthropogenic influence on CO2 variations in pre-industr... ...g Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T., et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 349–416. 15. Raupach, Michael R & Canadell, Josep G, 2010: Carbon and the Anthrpocene. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2: 210-218. 16. Raupach, Michael R, Canadell, Josep G, Le Quà ©rà ©, Corinne. Anthropogenic and biophysical contributions to increasing atmospheric CO2 growth rate and airborne fraction. Biogeosciences 5: 1601-1613 (2008). 17. Richard Alley et al., 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 10th Session of Working Group I of the IPCC, Paris, February 2007. 18. Ruddiman W F (2003). The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago. Climatic Change 61: 261–293.

Global Warming Synthesis

In modern society, global warming is one of the most serious problems causing unrest all over the world. Global warming has been blamed for a host of recent worldwide issues, such as an increase in the number and severity of hurricanes, higher temperatures and droughts, and various other environmental changes. Thus, countermeasures to cope with the aggravating global warming are urgent questions in the present day.To deal with the problem of global warming, many nations and organizations are making policies and implementing them in various fields. But there are some key issues that leaders should consider when making policies to solve global warming; the practicality and morality of the policies. When dealing with global warming, the practicality of policies is one of the most important and fundamental issues. Yet the policies are useless if they cannot be implemented.As we have limited resources, we should choose to maximize our resources by comparing the benefits and costs of each policy. In other words, the balancing global warming and other problems should be set appropriately. (Source D) Too much burden on economic development lessens the possibility of carrying out the policies. Furthermore, the actual effectiveness is a critical factor when making global warming policies. Thus, the countermeasure to global warming is in a state of emergency.But according to Maslin Mark, the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol are far below the threshold diminution necessary to â€Å"prevent major climatic change. † (Source E) In other words, the makers of the Kyoto Protocol should have been considered the actual effect precisely to produce satisfactory results. Therefore, leaders should consider the economic practicality and the extent of expected effect when making policies that may affect global warming. Policies that may affect global warming should also consider moral and ethical aspects.

The Struggle Between Protestantism And Pluralism - 1577 Words

The struggle between Protestantism and pluralism in the 19th century In the 19th century, America was experiencing a religious diversity expansion. Religion was an essential part of the established American culture, gaining great influence on the spiritual lives of many. For some, religion meant a special interest, as many saw in religion the power to dominate while others selflessly embraced it as a form to live a harmonious life. Nonetheless, the superiority of some established religions from the times of the colonies dominated over those seeking to fit in a Protestant religious culture. Alexis de Tocqueville, was a French statesman, that while visiting America made a strong observation about the power of religion, he concluded that, â€Å"One cannot therefore say that in the United States religion influences the laws or political opinions in detail, but it does direct mores, and by regulating domestic life it helps to regulate the state.† If religion helped regulate the state, it can be said it contributed a strong element to the seeking of dominance of moral matters according to the visions of some and exclusion of others. The desire for dominance over cultural and religious principles, led the Puritan-evangelical insiders and non-Protestant outsiders into a religious struggle for spiritual authority in 19th century America. Separation of church and state guaranteed the right and freedom to practice the desire religion in America. Religions came to light since colonialShow MoreRelatedReligious Transformations Of The United States1275 Words   |  6 PagesStates. 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He is interested in the roles of popular culture and religion and in addition, how popular culture affected the shift in boundaries between sacredness and secularism, particularlyRead MoreThe True Face of Islam: Essays on Islam and Modernity in Indonesia1950 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstanding of what he calls the underlying ‘spirit’ of Islam. Like other Muslim liberals, he makes a distinction between the ‘spirit’ and the ‘letter’ of religious tradition, insisting that the former must be given primacy over the latter. 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Iranians, unlike many of their neighbors, hold on very strongly to their pre-Islamic roots and achievements; sentiments of nationalism are apparent throughout Iranian historyRead More A Theological Perspective of the Clash of Civilizations Essay7154 Words   |  29 Pagesauthored by the noted Harvard professor of political science, Samuel P. In the summer 1993 edition of the journal Foreign Affairs, Huntington argued that world politics was entering a new phase after the end of the Cold War, and that tensions between civilizations, as the highest cultural groupings of people, would dominate the global scene. He explains the article’s thesis in these words. It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological

Covenants And The Roles Of Profit, Priest, And King

Covenants and the Roles of Profit, Priest, and King in Organizational Management There are 6 major covenants in the Bible, Adam and Eve, pre-flood Noah, post-flood Noah, Abrahamic, Moses, and Jesus, with multiple themes of salvation, Messiah, and grace. Each are promises between God and His people and have four common elements; a benefactor; God, a beneficiary; man, terms and conditions, and a token or symbol. Significance and Meaning of a Covenant To provide a better appreciation of the Bible, a definition of covenant is necessary. A covenant is a serious life or death affair. It is a relationship; a sacred agreement between God and all humanity. It is how God chooses to communicate to us, to redeem us, and to guarantee us eternal life in Jesus. â€Å"When God created man, he appeared in His image. Man was physically complete; yet spiritually incomplete. God’s plan for salvation was predetermined and calls all people to receive the Holy Spirit to grow and become spiritually complete† (Fountain, 2014) . Expand a bit!! Messiah Promised: The Old Testament Genesis 9:13, I have set my rainbow in the clouds, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth. In Old Testament times God initiated and offered an agreement or covenant between Him and one nation, Israel. Entrance into this covenant was by physical, natural birth (Gen. 17:9-10). These biblical covenants were in effect during the time before Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection. They wereShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Covenants And The Roles Of Profit, Priest, And King1809 Words   |  8 PagesUnderstanding the Covenants and the Roles of Profit, Priest, and King in Organizational Management There are 6 major covenants in the Bible, Adam and Eve, pre-flood Noah, post-flood Noah, Abrahamic, Moses, and Jesus, with multiple themes of salvation, Messiah, and grace. 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Summary Daughters Of Mothers With Multiple Sclerosis ...

Article: Jonzon, Alison and Donna L. Goodwin, â€Å"Daughters of Mothers with Multiple Sclerosis: Their Experience of Play†, Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, July 2012, V. 29, #3, pp. 205-223. I picked this article because it was more sociological than physically scientific. Also, in my opinion, it would be general applicable to many diseases and disabilities. Drawbacks of the study was that it was very small (4), only one of whom was currently caregiving. Although, the prior caregivers may have gained perspective difficult to achieve while caregiving. Two were only children and two were youngest children. Two were in single-parent families for the entirety of their caregiving and two partially until their mothers remarried (! –†¦show more content†¦205) The emphasis of the study was on the impact on the family system. Three themes emerged: â€Å"(a) being a good daughter, (b) blurred relationship boundaries, and (c) encumbered play†. They all gave personal care to their mothers, experiencing worry and guilt. But this experience caused them to be more mature than their peers. Because of their caregiving, the responsibility of which was oft en deemed excessive, they had â€Å"limited social networks† and often at least the appearance of role reversal. They usually had at least limited access to some play, which provided much-needed and appreciated relief, recreation, and escape. Women have 300% the incidence of MS as do men, usually diagnoses between the ages of 15 and 40. Often, because of fatigue and lack of functionality, the mothers’ physical conditions could degenerate further. What had not occurred to me was that the mothers also became emotionally inaccessible. Homemaking duties and personal care that they used to do are now done by the daughters, especially in single parent households. Even when sons were also present, the mothers usually preferred the services of a daughter because of gender expectations and experience, for the intimacy of the personal care, more perceived capacity for compassion/empathy, emotional closeness, and shared values. The youngest of these daughters had just barely assumed adulthood themselves, at least at the time of the study; they may at that time already

Economics Business of Uranium- Free Samples - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economics Business of Uranium. Answer: Introduction The selected resource is uranium which gains significance on the rising concerns in relation to climate change caused on account of global warming. Uranium is used for the generation of electricity which can enable lower consumption of other fossil fuels particularly coal and thereby lessen the carbon emissions. This shift from coal to uranium would have significant implications for Australia considering the prominent exports that it does. The recent times have been quite challenging for this resource owing to the plummeting price (Green, 2016). In this background, the given report would aim to highlight the demand and supply forces based on which the current fall can be explained and a call on the possible future for uranium can be taken. Discussion It is noteworthy that uranium is a commodity and thus like others, the market price is function of the respective demand and supply. Thus, the changes in price are dependent on changes observed in either of the above factors or potentially both. Hence, a price increase would be observed when the demand of uranium is increased and the same is not matched by a proportional supply. But, when there is a sudden decline in demand of uranium, then the price would fall as the supply would take some time to adjust. The supply typically takes time to adjust particularly when there is a need to increase the production and fresh capacity is to be created (Mankiw, 2014). During the recent past, uranium prices have plummeted and the same can be analysed using the demand supply framework highlighted above. The uranium prices fall is the result of the falling demand owing to the concerns regarding the safety of nuclear energy that have come to the front since the Fukushima incident. As a result, the public opinion has turned against the nuclear energy which has led to shutdown to existing facilities and issues with the installation of new nuclear plants (FOE, 2013). The case in point related to Japan which before the Fukushima disaster was a key nuclear energy producer but in wake of this crisis, it had to shut down the various nuclear power plants. The effect was not limited only to Japan as similar responses was observed in the developed world where a strong case was made for a shift to other renewable sources which were free from risk of radiation threats. The countries in the developing world have also witnessed resistance of the people in relation to the safety of these endeavours considering the potential harm of nuclear radiations. The impact of the concerns highlighted above has led to fall in demand of uranium which can be captured through the following demand supply graph. Since there has been a reduction in demand, hence there has been a leftwards shift for the demand curve to D1 which in turn leads to a drop in equilibrium price and quantity consumed to P1 and Q1 respectively. The supply curve continues to remain static as the supply cannot be altered in the short run and some reduction may come only when inefficient players shut down (Nicholson and Snyder, 2011). On account of the falling uranium prices, the uranium suppliers are adversely impacting on account of a reducing profit margins as scope of lowering cost is quite limited and hence lower prices eats away the profit margins. For the smaller players with exposure to only uranium mining, the impact has been quite dramatic and some of these players have shut shop. However, this is not likely to significantly alter the supply dynamics as the big players would most likely survive the low prices (FOE, 2013). In view of the above falling prices, it makes sense to use the demand supply forces to estimate the likely direction of uranium prices moving forward in the future. In relation to the economic theory, the key determinant of the price is likely to the demand of uranium which is estimated to remain tepid in the short and medium term. To understand this, the demand scenario of various consumers needs to be considered. Even though Japan has restarted the nuclear power plants but fresh demand is years away as the current stockpile available would be sufficient (Cormack, 2014). The developed countries based in Europe along with US are looking to alternative energy resources particularly solar, wind energy and aiming for technological breakthroughs and nuclear energy seems to have fallen out of favour which would result in low to negligible demand for these nations. A possible exception to this stance is Russia which is actively promoting nuclear energy but owing to significant uranium depo sits the external demand for uranium would not arise from Russia going forward (Green, 2014). The possible hope for the uranium producers rests on the shoulders of developing world which on account of energy shortage and rising economic growth has been embracing nuclear energy. Two noticeable examples of this outlook is in form of China and India (McHugh, 2016). However, any significant incremental demand from these countries would also not arise as the new reactors are under construction and owing to high gestation would take time to commercially be operational. Further, the development in technology leading to the introduction of breeder reactors has lowered the fuel consumption and this trend is likely to continue. Thus, owing to lacklustre demand outlook in the near future, the price recovery would be limited and sluggish prices would prevail (Levit, 2016). Conclusion It is apparent from the above discussion that the plummeting price of uranium can be explained on account of the falling demand on account of safety concerns. Clearly, this has had adverse impact on the profitability of operations of uranium miners but it would not lead to any significant downward revision in supply. Further, in accordance to the demand supply theory, it has also been highlighted that in the near to medium term, a significant price recovery in uranium may be unlikely. This is primarily on account of the demand outlook remaining lacklustre with incremental demand expected from developing countries. References Cormack. L. (2014), Uranium jumps as Japan reopens reactors, [Online] Available at https://www.afr.com/markets/commodities/uranium-jumps-as-japan-reopens-reactors-20141112-11l8li (Accessed December 1, 2017) FOE (2013), Uranium price slumps, Paladin Energy in trouble, [Online] Available at https://www.foe.org.au/uranium-price-slumps-paladin-energy-trouble (Accessed December 1, 2017) Green, J. (2014), Uranium how low can it go?, [Online] Available at https://www.businessspectator.com.au/article/2014/5/29/energy-markets/uranium-%E2%88%92-how-low-can-it-go (Accessed December 1, 2017) Green, J. (2016), Australias uranium industry foundering nearlydead, [Online] Available at https://nuclearinformation.wordpress.com/2016/06/12/australias-uranium-industry-foundering-nearly-dead/comment-page-1/ (Accessed December 1, 2017) Levit, D. (2016), Uranium Prices Recovery Could Take 10 Years, [Online] Available at https://www.economiccalendar.com/2016/05/13/uranium-prices-recovery-could-take-10-years/ (Accessed December 1, 2017) Mankiw, G. (2014), Microeconomics (6th edition), London: Worth Publishers McHugh, B. (2016), Uranium price increase around corner as China and India look to nuclear to reduce carbon emissions, [Online] Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-09/uranium-future-price-set-to-improve-as-new-plants-built/7232944 (Accessed December 1, 2017)

Macbeth Murder Reason Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Murder Reason Macbeth being murdered by Macduff represents the finale of Macbeth. The murder itself marks the end of a long struggle for power between the good (Malcolm, Macduff), and the evil (Macbeth). Many events hinted to the reason for Macduff murdering Macbeth. The murder of Macbeth was an inevitable act that was bound to happen. One of these events was prophecy of the three sister witches. Throughout the whole novel, everything that they had prophesized, had become reality. When they stated that no man born of a woman would kill Macbeth, they knew that that excluded Macduff, because he was born by C- section. It was only fitting that Macduff kill Macbeth because he was the only one who was not born of a woman. Also, this had to happen because the witches had supernatural powers that made it possible. The Weird sister let Macbeth choose his path. In other words, it was fate that made this possible. Another reason for Macduff murdering Macbeth was that Macbeth had ordered the killing of Macduff's family. This reason was, in my opinion, the most important one. Upon hearing that his family had been killed, Macduff become very emotional. Also, his anger towards Macbeth grew once he found out that it was Macbeth was the one who ordered the killing. The killing of his family caused Macduff to risk his life to get his revenge against Macbeth. Additional reasons for Macduff killing Macbeth was that he had to prove his allegiance towards Malcolm and that he had to prove that apparitions correct. Macduff knew that Malcolm was the rightful heir to the throne and he was willing to help Malcolm get it back. Macduff is a good and moral man and he has to do the honest thing. As for the apparitions, they had always been correct and they had said that Macbeth should beware of Macduff. These apparitions foretold the future and Macbeth made the mistake of not fully understanding what they were saying. All these reasons put together, give the answer to the question, "Why does Macduff kill Macbeth?" There is no true explanation as to why this happened, but each event explained gives a good reason as to why he did it. Together they form a good argument to justify Macduff's murdering of Macbeth.