Integration – Teamwork

Integration – Teamwork The first step toward peaceful common existence in a multicultural country is integration. It can easily happen that immigrants end up isolated, unable to take part in their new society. This is a problem for both the immigrants and the country they have come to. By not participating they are not doing anything for the country's benefit, and the people of said country may start asking themselves: if they are not taking part, why should they be taken care of?They may fall away from the system, not getting any of the advantages, and at the same time missing their opportunity to raise their voices and do anything about their situation. It all ends up as a downward spiral that makes integration, and thereby also improvement, more and more difficult. Integration is therefore something that has to start happening right away. The first step to integration is often said to be learning the language of the country, and I think this makes a lot of sense. A language barrier is a huge barrier, as communication is essential in almost every situation.But how can we make this happen? Would it be a solution that all immigrants attend language classes in their new country? If you compare a multicultural country to a group of people with completely different personalities, values and ideas stuck together in one tiny house for an extended period of time, it is hardly that difficult to imagine that problems are going to arise; eventually they will find something to argue about. Now this might sound negative, but it is, in fact, not. Arguing, if kept on a reasonable level, is how you become fully aware of your own meanings and views.You may learn to see things from a different perspective, and sometimes the argument brings out new ideas that can lead to solutions. This is part of the reason I believe that migration can only be a good thing, as it makes us learn new things through our differences. (Of course, the types of issues deriving from migration d o differ quite drastically from the types of issues that the members of the hundreds of reality shows we have nowadays have got to deal with, but that also means that the things we learn from them are different as well, and if I may say so, also infinitely more giving. It is not that long ago that we found the whole idea of sharing, mixing and just getting to know the rest of the world somewhat frightening. We were not very good at it, and wanted everything to stay the way it was. The modern world takes pride in being open and new-thinking however, and the word on everyone's lips is â€Å"diversity†. Yes, diversity and sharing our cultures are wonderful things that we should definitely learn to appreciate more, but through our fear of racism we are making it almost impossible to state the fact that there are actually going to be some changes for you if you move to a new country.Of course you do not have to give up on your own culture, of course you can still speak your mother tongue, of course we want diversity. But what we sometimes forget to mention is that you really can't speak only your mother tongue in your new country and that you will have to get in touch with the culture of this new country as well as keeping your own. If you really want your new country to actually be your new country and to accept you as a part of it, then you will have to accept the fact that if you want your country to be multicultural, you will have to be a bit multicultural yourself.Learning a new language does not erase your own language from your brain, getting to know a new culture does not mean you have to let go of your own values, just as making new friends does not mean you can never speak to your old ones again. It is a matter of expanding rather than replacing. However, no relationships are ever one-sided. There has to be will and effort from both sides for it to work. This means that for integration to work smoothly, both the country and the immigrants have to d o their best to make it so.It is much easier for us to say that all immigrants must learn the language right away than it is for the immigrants to learn a whole new language in no time at all. If the attending of language classes are to be made compulsory, then the immigrants should be given the means to do so. It can hardly be expected that they should have the money for language classes at the ready right after they have arrived in a new country. Many of them are moving in order to start up a new life, and being forced to pay for language classes before they have started working is not going to help in any way.The fact that they will have a much easier time finding a job after the language classes does not help if they are already bankrupt before they have begun the search for a job. If the country would be willing to pay for the language classes however, that would be a huge benefit for the immigrants. It would also pay itself off for the country in many cases, once the new citiz ens start working. Though that does not mean that all immigrants will see and understand the necessity and the advantages of such classes, which would make the whole project a waste.This leads me to another important aspect of successful integration: communication between the country and the immigrants. Communication is always present in a healthy relationship, the relationship between country and immigrant being no exception. Now one might wonder how there can be communication about the necessity of learning the language before the immigrants learn the language, but there are ways to get this done. It is simply another matter of will and effort, once again from both sides rather than one.A relationship where only one part is trying to make things work is a doomed relationship. With this said, we can not blame only either immigrant or country if integration is not working, and we can not assign the responsibility of making integration possible to only either immigrant or country. Ye s, it is a definite benefit for the process of integration if the immigrant makes an effort to learn the language, but it can not really be as simply put as â€Å"all immigrants should learn the language of their new country†.No matter how much effort you put in, you will not be able to become a part of something if that â€Å"something† is not willing to accept you. It is like one of those â€Å"help me help you†-cases, if I may put it that simply, and I believe it is also know to be called teamwork. Once this first barrier, which is nothing but a barrier in the way of thinking, is overcome, all the other barriers standing in the way of integration will become a lot less insuperable.

Animal Farm: a Communist Manifesto

George Orwell's novel Animal Farm is subtitled â€Å"a Fairy Story†, a label that may make the book seem innocent and appropriate for children and classroom settings. However, the title is misleading. Animal Farm is a work of Communist propaganda. It outlines and even encourages the overthrow of the government, and explains how to set up and maintain a communist state. It portrays government as corrupt and the public as stupid and easily manipulated. Orwell himself wavered between being a socialist and an anarchist.Considering communist China's recent increased aggression, and deteriorating relations between them and the United States, the dangers of this novel must be weighed carefully. It is often taught in schools, despite the fact that it promotes un-American and anti-capitalist views. With today's political tension, do we really want our youth exposed to literature that encourages them to mistrust the government and supports a communist revolution? Animal Farm is indeed c ommunist propaganda. It describes how the animals overthrow the farmer and drive all humans from the farm.The animals create a set of laws, designed to eradicate all hints of humanity; humanity, of course, represents the capitalist government. The animals call each other â€Å"comrade†, a clear reference to communism, and after the revolution the animals are described as being â€Å"happy as they had never conceived it possible to be† (Orwell 46). The novel describes much of the procedure of running a communist state. It includes the organization of committees, and the indoctrination of the public in the form of the sheep.Snowball, one of the two pigs who leads the animals after the revolution, teaches the sheep to repeat the maxim â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad,† which, he feels, sums up the laws of their new system – completely against humans. Methods of propaganda are also explored. Carrier pigeons are sent to neighboring farms to deliver heroic ta les of the revolution and convert other farms to ‘Animalism' – the domino effect in action. Internal propaganda is the responsibility of a pig named Squealer, whose primary function is to convince the animals that the actions taken by the pigs are for their own good.This is a clear description of how to keep a communist regime in power: as long as the pubic is convinced that all actions are for their own good, they will go along with anything. The public is constantly told that they are doing better than ever before; Squealer always tells the animals that they are producing more food more efficiently than when they were under human rule, no matter what the reality of the situation. The novel portrays government in general in an extremely negative manner, and one that is certainly intended to inspire mistrust and encourage rebellion.The government officials are represented by pigs, and are portrayed as sneaky and greedy, with only their own best interests at heart. They take the best of the food, and live in the farmhouse in luxury. Impressionable minds could take this to mean that all governments are greedy and corrupt, and again encourages rebellion. The public, too, is portrayed in an extremely negative light. The vast majority of the animals, who represent the general public, are not even intelligent enough to learn the alphabet.Most of the public is represented by the sheep, who â€Å"could get no further than the letter A† (Orwell 50). Violence is portrayed as both noble and desirable. In the beginning of the novel, the animals turn on their human keepers and attack them, driving them off the farm. This is portrayed as a noble action, and one to be proud of. It is also promotes violence against the government, and explains that the only way to put a communist regime in place is to eliminate the current government by force.When the humans are driven off the farm a second time in the novel, this time with even more violence than the firs t, the animals are jubilant. They are described as having â€Å"reassembled in the wildest excitement, each recounting his own exploits in the battle at the top of his voice† (Orwell 59). This is not a mere glorification of violence; it is a call for violence against the government, an act that is clearly unlawful. â€Å"Advocacy aimed at promoting the forceful overthrow of the government†¦ an be punished without violating the first amendment† (Choper 139). Religion, too, is portrayed as undesirable in Animal Farm. Religion is represented by a raven named Moses who is described as â€Å"a spy, and a tale-bearer†, and who is hated by the other animals because he â€Å"told tales and did no work† (Orwell 37). Moses is later driven off the farm, much as religion was driven from communist countries. Not only is this factor of the book anti-religious, it also explains to readers that for a communist regime to remain in power, religion must be eliminated.O rwell himself alternated between being an anarchist and a socialist; are the values of a man with no respect for capitalism or democracy views that we want taught to our children in schools (Storgaard 5)? Our schools should be teaching children how to be good Americans, not feeding them communist propaganda in the form of fables. Animal Farm is dangerous and inflammatory. It contains instructions for staging a revolution and putting a communist regime in place, and encourages the overthrow of the government. Young minds should not be exposed to this manner of propaganda in school.

Business National Btec Unit 13 Essay

|To achieve a pass grade To achieve a pass | | | |grade the evidence must show that the learner|To achieve a merit grade the evidence must |To achieve a distinction grade the evidence | |is able to: |show that, in addition to the pass criteria, |must show that, in addition to the pass and | |evidence must show that the |the learner is able to: |merit criteria, the learner is able to: | |learner is able to: | | | |P1 identify how two organisations | | | |plan recruitment using internal and external | | | |sources | | | | | | | |P2 explain the impact of the legal and | | | |regulatory framework on recruitment and | | | |selection activities | | | | | | | | | | | |P3 prepare the documents used in selection | M1 compare the purposes |D1 evaluate the usefulness | |and recruitment activities |of the different documents |of the documents in the | | |used in the selection and |interview pack for a given | | |recruitment process of a given organisation |organisation, in facilitating | | | |the interview process | |P4 plan  to take part in a selection interview|M2 analyse your contribution |D2 evaluate your experience | | |to the selection process |of planning and participating | | |in a given situation. |in the recruitment and | | | |selection process. | |P5 take part in a selection interview | | | | | | | | | | | Unit 13: Investigating Recruitment and Selection Task 1: How organisations plan recruitment (towards P1). â€Å"P1 Identify how two organisations plan recruitment using internal and external sources.† You need to understand that there are a number of reasons why vacancies occur and that the decision to recruit will be the result of an analysis by the organisation of its requirements. The vacancy may be filled internally or externally. External sources may be used but they may have time and cost implications. You need to include the following points; Understand the processes involved in recruitment planning Recruitment planning: †¢ reason for vacancy, eg employee leaving, increased volume of business, different work, maternity cover, sickness; †¢ decision to recruit; †¢ internal recruitment; †¢ external sources of recruitment (use of job centres, consultants, recruitment agencies); †¢ cost and time considerations of external sourcing Task 2: How organisations advertise vacancies (towards P1). The vacancy may be advertised internally and externally. If advertised externally, the choice of media will be important in order to reach the targeted market. External advertising is more costly and there are legal considerations to be aware of on all recruitment advertising. You need to cover the following points; Recruitment advertising: †¢ internal advertising; †¢ external advertising (choice of media, use of external agencies, format and type of advertisement, cost implications, legal considerations of recruitment advertising); †¢ methods of application, eg letter, online, telephone. â€Å"P2 Design a concise briefing sheet for a selection panel to guide them on the regulatory requirements of recruitment and selection practice.† This requires an overview of the key legal and ethical requirements of selection interviews. It should be a concise guide that interviewers can easily understand. You need to include the following points: Current UK and EU legislation: †¢ Sex Discrimination Act 1995/97; †¢ Race Relations Act 1992; †¢ Equal Pay Act 1970; †¢ Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 and 2005; †¢ European Working Time Directive; †¢ Employment Act 2002; †¢ national minimum wage; †¢ Data Protection Act 1998 (together with any future amendments) Ethical issues: †¢ asking candidates the same questions; †¢ interviewers not related to candidates; †¢ gender and ethnic balance on panels Task 3: Preparing a job description and person specification (towards P3). â€Å"P3 Prepare the advertising, job description and person specification required to recruit an employee for a specific role in a selected organisation.† You will prepare the documentation for an identified vacancy. This will encompass a job description and person specification. The completion of these two documents to an appropriate standard will provide the evidence for this criterion. Prepare the job description and person specification. You need to include the following points: Job description: †¢ purpose and standard formats; †¢ title of job; †¢ department and location of post; †¢ broad terms of job; †¢ responsible to whom; †¢ responsibilities; †¢ scope of post; †¢ education and qualifications; †¢ name of compiler and approver; †¢ date of issue Person specification: †¢ purpose and standard formats, eg job title and reference number; †¢ location in management line; †¢ essential and desirable attributes; †¢ physical characteristics required; †¢ attainments and qualifications; †¢ previous experience; †¢ general intelligence; †¢ special aptitudes; †¢ temperament and personality; †¢ hobbies and interests; †¢ personal circumstances Task 4: Job Applications â€Å"P3 Apply for a job by completing the application documentation.† You should use the Morrisons website to find the application documents. You should complete the process as if you were applying for the post. You should complete the application form and include any other documentation requested, which should include your curriculum vitae and a covering letter. The completion of the required documentation to an appropriate standard will provide the evidence for this criterion. Know the documentation involved in the recruitment process Application documentation: †¢ letter; †¢ application form; †¢ curriculum vitae Task 5: Briefing the selection panel on regulatory requirements. (P4) You need to include the following: Pre-interview: †¢ selection criteria for short-listing; †¢ application packs and information for candidates; †¢ references; †¢ types of interviews (group, individual, team, panel, telephone, multi-stage); †¢ tasks and tests used to complement the interview process, eg occupational preference tests, attainment tests, aptitude tests, psychometric tests; †¢ use of specialists in the interview; †¢ a list of interview questions; †¢ procedure for informing candidates on interview decisions Task 6: Taking part in a selection interview (towards P5). â€Å"P4 Participate in a selection interview.† You should adopt the role of either an interviewee or an interviewer in your pairs for a mock selection interview. You should demonstrate through role play that you have prepared for the interview. Roles can then be reversed to give everyone in the class opportunity to see the recruitment process from the perspectives of both the applicant and the interviewer. If you are not participating in an interview you will be observing and taking notes. Evidence is likely to come from a copy of the documentation used by each participant and a witness statement from the assessor. In your planning you should show evidence that you have considered each of the following points: Interview: †¢ interview protocol; †¢ confidentiality; †¢ fairness; †¢ interview environment; †¢ agreed questions; †¢ checking of personal information; †¢ interview checklist; †¢ control of interview; †¢ decision criteria and documentation; †¢ communicating the decision to candidates; †¢ communication and listening skills; †¢ body language; †¢ questioning techniques; †¢ barriers to communication; †¢ analysing and summarising Task 7: Following up the interview (towards P5). You should prepare the necessary documentation to fill the vacancy and complete the interview process. You should include the following: Post interview: †¢ informing candidates; †¢ making a job offer; †¢ verbal/non-verbal offers; †¢ contents of job offer, eg start date, wage or salary rate, hours of work, holiday entitlements; †¢ other conditions, eg references, medical test, passing specific qualifications; †¢ expenses claims; †¢ candidate’s feedback; †¢ taking up and checking references; †¢ police and/or medical checks including a CRB check; †¢ rejection of unsuccessful candidates Task 8: Comparing selection documents. â€Å"M1 Compare the purposes of the different documents used in the selection process of a given organisation.† You must be able to identify the documents used in the three stages of the selection process. You should know the purpose of the key documents. You should be able to explain the purpose of the information that the completed documents will provide for the interviewers. You should be able to draw comparisons between the purposes of appropriate documents. Task 9: Evaluation of the usefulness of interview documents. â€Å"D1 Evaluate the usefulness of the documents in the interview pack of a given organisation in facilitating the interview process.† You must make judgements on the usefulness of documents that you have collated in the interview pack. This will be informed by a mix of theory and practice. You must be able to demonstrate that you are able to assess the usefulness of documents that belong to a real organisation or that you have used in the role play exercise. In what ways did the documentation contribute to the organisation, management and conduct of the interview and the process of making a selection decision? Task 10: Analysing your contribution to task 5 (see P4). â€Å"M2 Analyse your contribution to the selection process in a given situation.† You must show that you can prepare for and perform in a role-play situation. You should ensure that an application pack is prepared and that all the necessary documentation is provided for the interviewee and the interviewers. The interview should be organised and conducted in a professional manner. Observers will be looking for evidence that the participants have prepared for the interview. This can be judged by observing how the learners organise and manage the sequence of the interview, the ability of the participants to ask appropriate questions, the quality of their participation and whether they have used communications and listening skills to good effect. Evidence will come from supporting documentation such as interview questions that interviewers and interviewees have prepared. The evidence will be supported by a witness statement on the role play of each Participant. Task 11: Evaluation. â€Å"D2 Evaluate your experience of planning and participating in the recruitment and selection process.† You must be able to demonstrate that you can critically reflect on your  experience and draw lessons from it. Evidence will require an evaluation of the role play and this should be linked to the feedback on the witness statement. You must also be able to critically evaluate your experiences of the planning stages of the interview. Websites www.bbc.co.uk/learning/subjects/business_studies.shtmlA changing bank of learning resources and up to date case studies. This site also has links to other useful sites www.bized.ac.uk Includes a number of pertinent case studies from thetimes100 including McDonalds and Cummins www.cipd.co.uk Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development www.thetimes100.co.uk Includes a number of pertinent case studies including McDonalds and Cummins, British Gas and Tesco ———————– Scenario: You work in the HR department at Morrisons where vacancy rates have been high over the past year. Your manager is concerned about this and has asked you to do a presentation to identify why vacancies occur and to compare with a competitor. In your presentation you must also include a plan of how to fill the vacancies using internal and external sources. Presentation date: Scenario: Following your presentation your manager has asked you to write a report on the steps that your department should take to go about advertising a vacancy both internally and externally. Your manager also wants you to consider the possible ways that applicants can apply. Hand-in date: Hand-in date: Scenario for Tasks 3 and 4: You are the assistant to the head of Business at Sheffield Park Academy and you have been asked to find a new Business Studies teacher to join your growing department for this popular subject. Design appropriate advertising for to attract a suitable candidate for the role and submit a report to your manager alongside the advert to show that you made all the necessary considerations. Hand-in date: Scenario: You want to apply for a part time job at Morrisons to get some extra cash while you are studying. Complete the documents to apply for the job. Hand-in date: Scenario: You are head of recruitment at Sheffield Park Academy and will be interviewing candidates for the advertised role of Business Studies teacher. The interview panel will be made up of various senior members of staff and some members of the Business department. Not all members of the panel have interviewed before so they are not familiar with the regulatory requirements. Design a briefing sheet which is easy to follow and will help them plan the interviews. It must include all the important points that they will need to know to avoid any legal or ethical problems. Hand-in date: Scenario: After advertising the position of Business Studies teacher at SPA and receiving several applications, you are now ready to start planning the interviews for the potential candidates that have been selected. Work in groups and discuss how you will select your candidates. Make a list of your selection criteria for the interview panel to follow when selecting candidates. You will role play the interviewee as well as the interviewer so prior to the role play you will need to read a candidates CV to help you prepare and make any notes that you feel necessary. Interview date: Hand-in date: Scenario: You have completed the interview process and selected a candidate successfully. The head of recruitment at your school has asked you to review the selection process by comparing and explaining the purpose of the documents that are used at SPA to recruit new teachers. Hand-in date: Scenario: You have interviewed all candidates using the documentation that you prepared for P4. How useful was this documentation in organising your interview, managing the interview process and choosing which, if any, of the candidates to employ? Hand-in date: Hand-in date: Hand-in date:

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example ue sense of the word whichever way it is interpreted, the Prioress is the medieval feminine ideal, soft-hearted almost to a fault and academically well-educated. These differences can be easily determined as early as the general prologue as each character is described. The Prioress is shown to be the ideal by the positive statements made of her and her pleasing physical appearance while the Wife of Bath is described with a much less pleasing appearance and behaviors that match. The Prioress is described as possessing all of the attributes a man was supposed to look for in a woman in Chaucer’s time. She was â€Å"smiling, modest was and coy† (General Prologue, The Prioress, 2). She could sing well in the proper way, speak French fluently, had excellent manners so that â€Å"never from her lips let morsels fall, / Nor dipped her fingers deep in sauce† (General Prologue, The Prioress, 11-12), was pleasant to be around in any company and was charitable almost to a fault. Physically, she is given attractive attributes such as a fine nose, bright blue eyes, a small red mouth and a fair forehead. Chaucer tells his reader, â€Å"truth to tell, she was not undergrown† (General Prologue, The Prioress, 39), indicating a pleasant figure that men are not supposed to notice in that way when looking at a nun. Her clothing is neat and is well-maintained as would be expected of a lady high born. The Wife of Bath, on the other hand, immediately breaks the rules of true womanhood by being involved in commerce as a highly skilled seamstress. This vocation not only makes her lowly because she works for a living, but because she is in charge of her income, something that a true woman in medieval times would never dream of wanting. Despite this talent, or perhaps because of it, her behavior is also that of a course, undesirable woman. She tells lewd tales, has been married at least five times and has countless other lovers besides who are only hinted at with the comment that

COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL CARE - Essay Example The hospitals that Dr. Steven visits get a large number of people from the mainstream population which is predominantly white. However, he occasionally gets to see people from diverse cultural backgrounds, especially immigrants from the Middle Eastern countries like Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia. Ahmed Babak is an Iranian man who migrated in the late 1990s with his wife, Alicia Baig who is from the same country. After living in the UK for the last decade, Alicia is having problems with her husband who wants her to continue to wear hijab and prevents her from working at office. She wanted to take help from extended family members, some of who live in the same city, but Ameer Baig was not interested. Ahmed has been suffering from depression and memory loss and had been referred to Dr. Steven through the NHS. Dr. Steven has not been able to make a rapport with Ahmed, who feels intimidated by the six feet two doctor. He is reluctant to share the private and intimate details of his married life with someone who is a foreigner. Dr. Steven feels that Ahmed is from a relatively inhibited culture and that he needs to have more confidence in himself and be open about the realities. Ahmed also is not very fluent with English and he finds it difficult to understand Dr. Steven’s words. ... Ahmed does not want to sit alone with Dr. Steven and feels physically intimidated and overwhelmed in most of the sessions, while the Doctor has to rake his brains to put anything across his patient. PART B: 1. Skills for Effective Communication The above case study shows that the there are basic communication issues related to the differences in the social and cultural differences between the practitioner and the service user. Some of the skills that could be useful for better communication under the conditions are elaborated upon in the paragraphs below. 1.1 Skills: Understanding the Cultural and Social Context in order to Create Empathy and Security for the service user As per the communication theory of social constructionist, any communication is assumed to be based on the sharing of ideas and thoughts, the interpretation of which is rooted in the social dynamics of the people involved (Ritzer, 2008). The interaction between Dr. Steven and his client is a true reflection of the t heory, as though the duo are engaged in communication, their very different socio-cultural contexts make them have preconceived notions about each other and also prevent them from understanding each other’s messages correctly. For example, Dr. Steven is from a UK background, being born and educated in the UK and having faith in the Western methods and approaches to psychological therapy. He relies on the patients to provide him with information and details directly and explicitly, so that he may formulate a plan of action and therapy for them. However, in the case of Ahmed, he is from a Muslim Arab culture where direct conversations of personal issues and that too with strangers are

Psychological Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychological Research Methods - Essay Example The groups will be tested before and after the therapeutic period using a health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire designed specifically for this inquiry. The scores of the two groups will be compared and analyzed to determine if, as expected, the experimental group demonstrates a statistically significant improvement in motor impulsivity behavior. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition affecting three to ten percent of school-age children, primarily boys, and up to five percent of adults (Wender, 2000, p. 4). Although there are differing opinions on how to specifically define the condition, as well as the appropriate methods for sorting it out from other associated behavioral disorders, most practitioners agree that if a certain set of behaviors (distraction, fidgeting, excessive talking, etc.) are present in sufficient quantity and severity, the diagnosis is correct (Atkinson & Hornby, 2002, pp. 46-47). The scope of this research will not be to determine the actual presence of ADHD; it will rely on the diagnosis of medical professionals to form the study group. This approach is in line with established protocols, where "regardless of the treatment approach, the diagnosis of ADHD and other co-morbidities first must be established through a standard medical evaluation" (Baumgaertel, 1999, p. 977). This research will, however, seek to test whether a specific alternative treatment (music therapy), when used in conjunction with traditional pharmacological therapy, can attenuate motor impulsivity. The focus of treatment for ADHD is to "decrease symptoms, enhance functionality, and improve well-being for the child and his or her close contacts" (Klassen, et al., 2004, p. 541). The primary methodology for accomplishing this control is the use of pharmacological agents, and it is common knowledge that drugs such as Ritalin are often employed to attenuate the symptoms. In response to a perceived over-prescribing of such medicines by doctors, there has been a rise in alternative therapies that seek to attenuate ADHD behavior through non-pharmacological means; the majority of which are designed to be used in conjunction with medication. For example, a recent study sought to determine if yoga could be used as an alternative method and, although no "strong support" was found, the authors nevertheless concluded that "yoga may have merit as a complementary treatment for boys with ADHD already stabilized on medication" (Jensen & Kenny, 2004, p. 205). It has been suggested that of all the alternative treatments proposed, music may have the best impact, particularly with situational performance in cognitive tasks (Baumgaertel, 1999, p. 980). Others, however, have found that "there is little in the music therapy literature about [treatment] for ADHD," but cite survey results that music therapists are employing a number of different methods in treating children with ADHD (Jackson, 2003, 302). One study has directly addressed the issue of music therapy on the level of motor impulsivity, with mixed results. While "no statistical difference was found between the impact of the contrasting approaches as

Young people do too much cell phone texting these days Essay

Young people do too much cell phone texting these days - Essay Example the age bracket of between 18-29 years send or receive and average of 88 text messages every day compared to an average of 17 phone calls (Kluger Par 2). The rates of texting and volume, reduce with the advancement in age. However, even among the older sections of the population, though the volume of texting is reduced, there is a higher tendency of people texting as opposed to making calls. The high volume of texting among the youth is a function of a relatively big circle of friends in this age. In many cases, there are problems associated with the biggest volume of texting. Texting affects the ability of the youth, particularly high school and college students, to participate in class (Kluger Par 4). For example, a common feature in the present day classrooms is constant texting. Students are able to avoid the detection of the instructor because mobile phones have silent and vibration profiles that make it impossible for any other person but the owner to know when a message is received. The effects of texting is reduced in the attention span and the use of phones by the youth to escape the ‘boredom’ of the classroom. Therefore, the excessive texting among the youth is a problem because it inhibits the ability of young people to concentrate in class. Texting also affects social interaction skills among the youth. The excessive nature of texting and the ability to connect to strangers, ease of use and anonymity make texting easier and more convenient than personal communication (Villines Par 6). In addition, there are platforms where social media statuses are updated via texting. The effects of all these virtual communication platforms are a reducing value on conventional communication platforms. Therefore, there is a tendency for young people to develop poor communication skills as a function of their reliance on texting and other modes of virtual communication. Texting has its benefits. For example, it reduces the cost of communication, especially with

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Final exam - Essay Example This paper describes the strengths and weakness in writing the said essay. The primary strengths of the essay are the good connection between my main points and my thesis, apt transition sentences, and understandable description of the photo’s meaning and implications to its time and to present times, while the weaknesses are the lack of explanation of several aspects of photo analysis and greater integration of secondary resources to the image analysis. One of the strengths of the essay is that I believe that I made a good connection between my main points and thesis. Every paragraph has a primary point that supports the thesis. For example, my first point is: â€Å"Witty uses four photos of the Tank Man†¦where these images try to underline that this man symbolizes the struggles of all ordinary people against government repression and corruption...† (3). This point supports the thesis, where I asserted that Witty represents the cultural memory of these protests. M y next point supports the thesis too because it shows the implications of the image to modern society. I wrote in the third paragraph: â€Å"Witty’s article, the Tiananmen Square protests continue to make history because it portrays an ordinary man’s greatest act of courage and integrity against symbols of oppression† (4). ... For instance, in the fourth paragraph, I wrote: â€Å"After discussing Witty’s article, the paper explores Calhoun’s text†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (5). Through these transitions, I prepared readers on what they will expect next, by connecting every paragraph to the thesis and the past paragraph. Moreover, within each paragraph, I made use of the right conjunctions to ensure the smooth flow of my ideas. To illustrate, I used the words â€Å"moreover† and â€Å"also† to connect these claims that support each main point. These transitions sentences helped me organize my ideas and ensured consistency in presenting and arguing my thesis. The final strength of the essay is its clear description of the photo’s meaning and implications to its time and to present times. The essay shows how the photo stands for the original memory. For example, I wrote in the second paragraph: â€Å"The cultural memory focuses on four tanks that are ready to crush all those who oppose and criticize the state and one man who will not be crushed at all† (4). This description of the photo serves to analyze what the Tank Man’s actions meant to his time. Furthermore, I explained the implications of the image to current society. In the sixth paragraph, I wrote: â€Å"†¦Calhoun understands that the events of Tiananmen Square Protests endures because the silent dead continue to tell their stories through the lives of people in present times who feel oppressed in China† (6). This statement shows the relationship between past memory and current memory because of enduring struggles for empowerment. Hence, the essay connects the image to its cultural representation for past and present generations. The next to be discussed is the weaknesses of the essay, where I did

War on terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

War on terrorism - Essay Example Morgan speaks about Canadian politicians in the following terms: "they've been using that familiar demon -the United States and all its evils- as the fuel to heat Canadian voters to a frenzy. () And all the while, they're studiously ignoring Canada's own homegrown issues." Morgan stated the following about Canadians in general: "There's no denying that Canadians are in an even more anti-American mood than usual, thanks to the Iraq war and the Bush administration's perceived arrogance. () Politicians here know that Canadians love to read, talk and debate about U. S. transgressions. Newspaper articles point to ethnic profiling at airports and long border waits as evidence that the war on terrorism is a sham, and that Americans are simply looking for excuses to harass Canadians for the country's multicultural society." (Morgan, 2006). Morgan pointed out the following about Canada's Prime Minister Paul Martin, the NAFTA's accord, and the Canadian government: "he (Martin) conveniently neglected to mention that Canada, which is one of the accord's major promoters, so far hasn't complied with its emission reduction requirements.

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Business Plan - Essay Example Stern measures have to be taken by the tour operators as far as safety and health assessments are concerned as Controls are not rigorous. This would help to safeguard the agency also against any litigation. Assessments of health and safety should be carried out throughout the tour (Daily Mail, 2006). While tour operators have to rely on the guarantees provided by the hotel authorities, BE should ensure that its terms and conditions of joining the tour are well laid out while setting up the business as tour operators could be subject to civil liability (AHS, 2007). While WTO predicts international travel will grow annually at the rate of 4.1% up to 2020 but various factors pose a risk to tourism. These include economic stability, world terrorism, and global climate changes. The UK travel sector is just recovering from the recent airport chaos and the threat of terrorist attack. Fear of terrorism affects global travel demand and the targets set by BE is a very optimistic figure. Tourism is a very sensitive sector and destination factor is very important. BE intends to focus on the affluent class and predominantly on adventure tourism. The company has not attained any experience in this segment and it would be advisable to have another sector and segment to fall back upon initially till it gets established. The number of holidays on offer should be limited to start with. Security situation puts holiday firms in a difficult situation (Reuters, 2007). Lessons can be learnt from the giants in the industry who have been able bring a turnaround despite the effects of football World Cup, avian flu, terror threats and the hot summer in UK (Mall, 2007). This has required a dual measure of huge investments and cost-cutting in various areas. BE plans to build brand awareness in the first year but would have to consider the consolidation taking place in the UK travel market as big firms are merging. This definitely means less competition but there is an oversupply of

Individual Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual Strategic Management - Essay Example The last part of the paper looks at one solid strategic management recommendation for the company. â€Å"Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store and it also offers iPhones and iPads† (Blodget, 2013). Its mission statement is: â€Å"We want to leave the world better than we found it.† The company is comprised of a variety of stakeholders and these are individuals or groups of people who have a stake in the operations of the company. The employees, suppliers, distributers as well as management of the company are the stakeholders who directly control its operations. The shareholders and consumers are also major stakeholders of the company since these contribute towards the revenue it generates from its operations. Ordinary people in the environment in which the company operates are also stakeholders since they are affected by its operations. The government and other regulatory bodies are also stakeholders for this organization. The external environment of the company can be analysed through the use of Porter’s five forces model which comprises of the following factors: barriers to entry by competitors, threat of substitute, bargaining powers of buyers, bargaining powers of suppliers and rivalry among the existing players (http://www.12manage.com/methods_porter_five_forces.html). The mobile communication technology industry is capital intensive hence it may not be that easy for other new entrants to penetrate the market. This means that barriers to entry are high which cushions Apple in its operations. This mainly depends on the buyers’ ability to influence the price. Apple products have premium prices which mean that the customers have little influence to change them. The products offered by Apple are specifically meant for the rich and affluent people. The bargaining powers of suppliers

Improving science literacy with hypermedia Essay Example for Free

Improving science literacy with hypermedia Essay Methods Learning Design Architecture The four cornerstones of this Science learning and teaching design are goal-based and constructivist learning, simulation, computer-based creative learning environment, computer-based creative assessment, as well as the traditional lectures and tutorials. In the present research, the Discovery Channel â€Å"Pompeii: The Last Day† site was used as the hypermedia environment for investigating the science topic of Plate Tectonic Theory, first, and the impact of natural processes on human history (Pompeii), second. A few words need to be said about the structure of this hypermedia resource and its value for the current research. It is organized as the complex system of thematic hypermedia audio/video-packages accompanied by informational texts in written form. The structure of the site appears to be complex, so far as on the macrolevel it consists of the hypermedia sections: â€Å"What Happened Here? ,† the â€Å"Virtual Volcano† simulation, Pompeii Quiz, and Eruption Videos. Each macrounit, meanwhile, is designed as another macroentity. For example, the section â€Å"What Happened Here? † provides learners with different types of information on the theme of volcanic activity having erased ancient cities from the earth surface. The â€Å"Step Back in Time† slide-show is organized as a series (7 parts or pages) of the typed texts (â€Å"The Long, Deathly Silence,† â€Å"Herculaneum,† â€Å"Two Days in August,† â€Å"The Story of Lupercus,† â€Å"Pompeii: Part I,† â€Å"Pompeii: Part II,† and â€Å"The Story of Caius Julius Polybius† by Rossella Lorenzi). The â€Å"Ongoing Excavations,† or â€Å"Ongoing Archaeology† slide-show comprising 6 parts or pages (â€Å"Uncovering Pompeii,† â€Å"Bringing the Oldest Pompeii to Light,† â€Å"A Unique Glimpse,† â€Å"Herculaneums Lost Papyri,† â€Å"Lost Plays of Sophocles,† and â€Å"Multi-Spectral Imaging†) is analogous in structure to the â€Å"Step Back in Time† macrounit. Besides, within the same â€Å"What Happened Here? † macrosection, there is a â€Å"Pompeiis Eyewitness Account† web documentary. The students listen to the text and watch the video accounting for Pliny the Younger’s story about the ancient Pompeii devastation. Whereas the aforedescribed macrounit explores the issues of human history in relating to natural catastrophes, the other macrosections concentrate on Plate Tectonics theory and scientific description of volcanoes as natural pressure valves. Under the umbrella of Volcanology, there are the hypermedia macrounits â€Å"Virtual Volcano† and of â€Å"Eruption Video. † The section â€Å"Virtual Volcano† consists in its turn of the Overview and the â€Å"Virtual volcano† simulation sections. The theme of the section is â€Å"Tectonic Plates and Volcanoes. † The Overview dwells on the Earth’s tectonic structure, volcano types (three subsections) and structure. The information is presented through both visual and textual form (typed text). In the macrounits of â€Å"Global Perspective† and â€Å"Virtual volcano† a specific type of hypermedia symbolic simulation or microworld – introduces students to the details of tectonic structure and volcanic activity. Simulation is â€Å"a computer-based simulation of a work or decision-making environment† as a system (Sauer, Wastell, Hockey, 2000, p. 46, qtd. in Gredler, 2004, p. 577). Whereas a â€Å"Global Perspective† is a genuine symbolic simulation of Earth with delineated plate boundaries and active volcanoes, the â€Å"Virtual volcano† section is an experiential simulation. This is an alliance of hypermedia and video images â€Å"to create a virtual experience for students who are fulfilling roles as researchers† (ibid. ). The macrounit seems to be designed to improve students’ comprehension of the theme by projecting the concepts from short-term to long-term memory, training topical vocabulary and operating knowledge in the goal-based settings. Six informational video packages within the section of â€Å"Eruption Video† train audition as well as visual comprehension. It also broadens students’ vocabulary with useful terms and present visual information on useful concepts (e. g. pyroclastic flow, lava flow, underwater volcano, etc. ). The informational section â€Å"Volcano news† provides learners with interesting facts on ancient and modern volcanic activity (as well as other scientific facts; there are 13 news pieces, 2 of which are corrupted). The hypermedia assessment tool is given in the form of the Pompeii Quiz. This is an interactive multiple-choice test â€Å"Would you survive after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius?. † To accomplish the test, a student must use knowledge having been gained during the research of the site. The Discovery Channel â€Å"Pompeii: The Last Day† site seems to be a useful hypermedia environment for investigating the topics of Plate Tectonic Theory and its impact on human history. First, students pick up useful concepts related to several branches of science (tectonics, Volcanology, history, archeology, etc. ). Second, they learn important vocabulary on the topics in the flow of constructivist and creative learning process. Due to the fact that the hypermedia environment is used for achieving the learning goals, the body of information is presented through various media (typed text, oral speech, graphics, videoimages, photographs, simulations) and organized flexibly. A learner is free to step from one macrounit to another being led by his/her personal background and motivation, return to the sections which are of most interest for him/her essentially and train comprehension skills in the Quiz as many times as (s)he needs. Finally, it refines students’ ICT skills while they use the World Wide Web to reach the site and proceed from page to page. Instruments To evaluate the effect of the hypermedia learning environment on students’ comprehension of Science (Plate Tectonics, Volcanology, History, Archeology), the researcher investigated each of the four â€Å"Pompeii: The Last Day† sections for the most significant scientific concepts to be utilized by students in the learning process. The search was done by qualitative linguistic analysis of the informational texts. The concepts were grouped into three main sections: geographical names, personal names and scientific terms and concepts (see Table 1 for the list). The students were assumed to learn those terms in the constructivist educational process through the hypermedia tools to incorporate them into their evaluation assignments as the evidence for their improved science reading and visual comprehension. Second, an end-of the week questionnaire was administered to the eight-graders in the Science Hypermedia class to find out feedback on their learning experience from using the hypermedia learning environment including time spent on independent research in the hypermedia environment (â€Å"Pompeii: The Last Day†) (see Tables 3, 4 and Figure 1). Third, Power Point presentations were used as creative evaluation instrument to check the learning outcomes of students’ comprehension. All the students were trained to create computer-based presentations by the given program. In an effort to guide and improve the learning of science concepts in the realms of Geology, History and Archeology with eight-graders in the middle school, a week study of the Topic â€Å"Plate Tectonic Theory and the Impact of Volcanic Activity on Human History† was designed as an action research experiment. From the point of view of settings and partly qualitative assessment of the outcomes of research on specific stages (e. g. students’ feedbacks), this study may also be called a case study, since only one science topic was investigated in regard to students’ comprehension and motivation. Two classes of eight-graders relatively equal in achievements and learning potential were invited to participate in educational experiment. However, there was no internal sampling conducted within each of the classes. All the students participated voluntarily and for no reward in grades or other. The goals of the present research were clarified to all the participants (N = 40). The total number of participants (N = 40) was invited to study the topic of Plate Tectonics and its impact on human history through different learning resources. The students of experiment group (n = 20) studied the topic in the hypermedia environment (a school computer laboratory equipped with Windows-based microcomputers and, optionally, at home), whereas the other group of students (control group, n = 20) did not use any hypermedia resources learning solely from printed textbooks and handouts as well as teacher’s oral instructions. To comment, the student of the experiment group received small portions of a teacher’s instruction while researching the hypermedia context. They were also assisted by a teacher in proceeding from one structural part of the site to the other in order to investigate the topic on each other’s individual pace. However, the general framework of scientific topic was introduced to a group of students. Thus, both group and individual types of instruction tool place in the research. One more thing to note, the studies in both the experiment and the control groups were conducted by one and the same teacher of a teaching style being familiar to the students from previous experience. After a week of studies, the students from both the groups designed Power Point presentations on the topic within the Hypermedia Evaluation Project in lieu of a formal examination. The assessment comprised: 45% on the subject comprehension (major concepts and direct conceptual links), 45% on utilizing Power Point hypermedia resources, and 10% on creativity. All the students (n = 40) were trained in using the Power Point program. Presentations were evaluated by three examiners. The point of degree between the evaluators was high (r = . 088).

Quotation About Best Practice In Supervision Social Work Essay

Quotation About Best Practice In Supervision Social Work Essay Koster (2003) stated that supervision leads to a mental and emotional education that can guide practical work, frees fixed patterns of experience and behaviour and promotes the willingness as well as the ability to act suitably, carefully and courageously(p1). This essay will explore Kosters quotation about best practice in supervision, in relation to supervision in the area of counselling. This essay will also identify the benefits and difficulties of supervision, in regards to counselling, that can arise in supervision. Examples from a personal perspective will be presented on how supervision throughout work experience enabled difficult situations to be handled. Furthermore, an analysis of how effectively supervision was conducted throughout work experience, as well as personal suggestions on improvements of supervision in that work setting. Kosters quote does speak truth as supervision can lead to all sorts of positive and negative developments (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007). In particular he claims that it can lead to mental and emotional education that guides practical work, frees from fixed patterns of experience and behaviours. Supervision in counselling is very vital as it aims to increase self-awareness and enhances professional competence which will guide the supervisee throughout their work in a confident manner (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007), which is similar to what Koster is trying to state. The goal of supervision is primarily about the supervisees developmental growth and professional awareness (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007). Which again leads back to Kosters quote about how supervision leads to development; and that development of experience will guide the supervisee throughout their work in counselling. Thorough supervision, the supervisee will grow, reflect and develop in their professional and personal skills. It is through these developments that will alter their behaviour that will eventually guide them through their work to act in a suitable, careful and courageously; throughout their career in counselling. Which in return, is vital for a counsellor as his or her mental and emotional education needs to continually develop, and this can be accelerated through supervision. It can be said that a number of individuals and organisations can benefit from quality clinical supervision. Quality supervision is about making sure the client is not being harmed and is being assisted to accomplish established goals in competently appropriate ways, the receiver of counselling services is the first to benefit (Page Wosket, 1994). The majority of the conversation in supervisory sessions centres on interventions being used for the client and advance to how the supervisee is stressed with various parts of the case. While the supervisor is interacting, clarifying, explaining, educating, supporting and coming up with helpful professional interventions, another person is benefiting from this while interacting back to their supervisor the supervisee. As Pelling, Bowers, and Armstrong (2007) suggests: This is where the supervisees scope of practice, expertise and insight is being intentionally and incrementally expanded. Engaging supervisors in the struggle for understanding is valuable for deep learning to occur. In this sense it is the clinical material that is the teacher, not just the supervisor themselves. Supervision can insulate the supervisee from work-related stress, variously referred as burn-out. (p. 126) In addition, if the supervisee is an apprentice from an educational establishment, the organisation itself benefits with the development of a more proficient and safe practitioner (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007). This gives the organisation an excellent reputation for supporting and appropriately training the people in their charge in a professional manner, hence supervision being provided by the organisation benefits the organisation with a good positive professional reputation. Last of all, the clinical supervisor gains a great deal from offering supervision. While they support the supervisees, their understanding of clinical work, knowledge, experience, the world and themselves develops a great deal and the sense of fulfilment of being additive to so many is indeed rewarding and satisfying (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007). Supervision can be a valuable constructive learning tool, but at times difficulties in supervision can make it a negative experience. Moskowitz and Rupert (1983) found in their research, within USA, that supervisees reported that 38% of those surveyed claimed that there had been difficulties and conflict in their supervision that interfered with their learning. Their research further found that there are three major areas of difficulties and conflict that arise in supervision: theoretical orientation, style of supervision and personality issues (Moskowitz Rupert, 1983). Differences in theoretical orientation may lead to difficulties and conflict in supervision (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). In various organisations, supervisees may not have a choice of a supervisor and may perhaps end up getting supervised by somebody who has a different theoretical to their own. For example, a supervisor may be convinced of the rightness of their orientation and is not ready to accept interference that arise from a different school of psychology. These differences in theoretical orientation are a common problem in supervision and it may lead to rifts between the supervisor and supervisee, therefore failing to negotiate differences of this kind (Holloway, 1995). Secondly, difficulties and conflicts may arise in supervision when it comes to the style of supervision. Some supervisors have a formal style whilst others have an informal style of approach (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). There are four unsatisfactory styles of supervision that cause conflicts and difficulties: constrictive supervision; amorphous supervision; unsupportive supervision; and therapeutic supervision (Abott, 1984). In the constructive type, there is limited autonomy. In the amorphous type, there is very little supervisory contribution and the supervisor may have a somewhat laissez faire outlook to the entire process, where whatever happens goes. Unsupportive supervisors are unfriendly and distant and supervisees would not willingly approach them with their difficulties. Therapeutic supervision transforms the supervisee into a patient while the supervisor takes on the position of the therapist often in a persistent and pushy manner that infantilizes the supervisee (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). The last style of supervision that causes conflict and difficulties is known as personality issues. This is when there is a personality clash between the supervisor and supervisee which can result to a rupture in the supervisory alliance (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). These ruptures are often caused by confusion in communication, for example the supervisor may misinterpret something the supervisee has said in a negative way. Furthermore, the rapture may be simply be caused by the supervisees own defensiveness. An example would be that the supervisee may act defensively when the supervisor gives feedback, therefore causing a strain in the supervision relationship. Supervision is a valuable tool for a supervisee when they are having difficulty dealing with their client in an effective professional manner. Whatever the problem is, in regards to the well-being of the client, the supervisee can discuss these issues throughout supervision in order to uncover helpful interventions in dealing with the matter (Wosket, 1999). An example from work experience in which supervision enabled to deal effectively with a difficult situation, is when there was a client who brought up an issue that was difficult to handle. The reason the issue was difficult to handle is because there was limited knowledge in that area and there was no confidence in dealing with the matter. So in order to deal with this dilemma, it was brought up to the attention to the supervisor throughout the supervision session. Throughout the supervision session the supervisor, listened to the dilemma and asked explorative questions, made encouraging statements and shared self- disclosure. She also in return, working the supervisee, came up with interventions to put together in order for the supervisee to handle the struggling case. The supervisor clarified the problem to the supervisee and explored potential explanations and interventions for the supervisee to consider. The supervisee filled in the gaps of the knowledge and asked the supervisee to reflect and explore options on how he will put the explored interventions in to action. The supervisor also used modelling and role-plays to show the supervisee on how they might be able to assist their client. So through supervision, the supervisors challenges and confrontations facilitated the supervisees critical reflection and learning, hence this gave confidence to the supervisee to handle and deal with their difficult situation. A concise breakdown will currently be offered on how efficiently supervision was carried right through work experience. Supervision was conducted effectively because the supervisor followed a significant process in order for supervision to function at its best. The initial supervision session is when the supervisor clarified what the supervisee has done in the past in regards to practice and supervision, and asks where they would like assistance. When it came to the daily supervision sessions, it was noted at times that the supervisor would follow a process right from beginning to end. When the supervisee had an issue, it would be looked thoroughly. Issues discussed in supervision included: intervention strategies and future plans; counsellor professional development; supervisee client alliance and boundaries; client issues and goal setting; supervisor supervisee relationship; ethical and legal issues; and so on. Once the issue were discussed, the supervisor would ask a series of structured questions in order to gain clarification, as well as allowing the supervisee to reflect and offload. Such helpful questions included: What are you feeling and views about the issue?; Where do you feel most confused?; what kind of help would you like?; and what are the key details I need to know about the case?. Furthermore, during supervision the supervisor and supervisee took notes during sessions to have an ongoing record of plans, themes, struggles, clients discussed, learning and progress. Once the issue was discussed and the supervisor asked her questions, the supervisor would then encourage the supervisee to: understand the problem; find links among the information; develop a treatment plan to put into practice; and create a working proposition (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). Towards the end of every supervision session, the supervisor would give feed back as well as ask for verbal feedback back from the supervisee. The supervisor would ask something as simple as How was our session for you today? or Was this session valuable or unbeneficial to you today? Summing up, supervision was conducted effectively because the supervisor followed a valuable process throughout the sessions. Apart from following an effective process, the supervisor herself was encouraging, respectful, genuine, empathetic, and self-disclosed, which as a result added further to the effectiveness of supervision. From personal experience, the supervision that took place during work placement cannot be faulted. However, there is lack of knowledge of how the other supervisors function in their role, as during placement only one supervisor was given to work closely with. Focusing purely on the supervisor provided with, her name being Amy, she was nothing but professional, educated and friendly. One could suggest that Amy is the ideal supervisor as throughout work placement she always showed respect, genuineness, empathy and was always encouraging. She was also concrete and showed a great deal self-disclosure throughout supervision. As stated, Amy would be the ideal supervisor as her supervision qualities match what Carifo and Hess found in their research in what makes an ideal supervisor. Carifo and Hess (1987) found that the ideal supervisor is a person who shows respect, empathy, genuineness, concreteness and self-disclosure in his or her dealings with supervisees (p.247). So as one can see, supervision cannot be faulted as it was nothing other but a positive learning experience, with the help of a true professional supervisor who knew how to function in her role. Therefore, it is too complex to come up with suggestions for improvements for supervision in the work setting because it just worked to well in order to suggest any changes. Supervision may have its benefits and difficulties, but it is those experiences a supervisee needs to experience in order to develop their mental and emotional experience. It is these developments and experiences that allow the individual to be able to learn and handle future challenges in their area of counselling. With the right supervisor, as well as having regular supervision sessions that are conducted effectively, it will consequently transform the supervisee into a stronger counsellor who is willing to learn, act suitably, carefully and courageously; throughout their counselling career.

Solving the Redundancy Allocation Problem using Tabu Search

Solving the Redundancy Allocation Problem using Tabu Search Efficiently Solving the Redundancy Allocation Problem using Tabu Search Abstract The redundancy allocation problem is a common and extensively studied program involving system design, reliability engineering and operations research. There is an ever increasing need to find efficient solutions to this reliability optimization problem because many telecommunications (and other) systems are becoming more complex while the development schedules are limited. To provide solutions to this, a tabu search meta-heuristic has been developed and successfully. Tabu search is a perfect solution to this problem as it has a lot of advantages compared to alternative methods. Tabu search can be used for more complex problem domain compared to the mathematical programming methods. Tabu search is more efficient than the population based search methodologies such as genetic algorithms. In this paper, Tabu search is used on three different problems in comparison to the integer programming and genetic algorithm solutions and the results show that tabu search has more benefits while sol ving these problems. INTRODUCTION of Articles Redundancy allocation problem(RAP) is a popular and a complex reliability design problem. The problem has been solved using different optimization approaches. Tabu search(TS) has more advantages over the other approaches but has not been tested for its effectiveness. In this paper a TS is used to solve a problem, called TSRAP, and the results are compared to the other approaches. The RAP is used for designs that have large assemblies and are manufactured using off-the shelf components and also have high reliability requirements. Solutions to the RAP problem has the optimal combination of component selections. Mathematical programming techniques have proven to be successful in finding solutions to these problems. Unfortunately, these problems have some constraints which are necessary for the optimization process but not for the actual engineering design process. Genetic Algorithms have proven to be a better alternative to the mathematical programming technique and has provided excellent results. Despite this, genetic algorithms is a population based search requiring the evaluation of multiple prospective solutions because of which a more efficient approach to this problem is desired. TS is an alternative to these optimization methods that has been optimized by GA. Its a simple solution technique that proceeds through successive iterations by considering neighboring moves. In this paper the TS method is used on three different problems and the results are compared with the alternate optimization methods. TS is not like GA, which is population based, instead it successively moves from solution to solution. This helps increase the efficiency of the method. The most commonly studied design configuration for RAP is the series parallel problem. The example of the design is shown below. Nomenclature R(t, x) = system reliability at time t, depending on x; xij = quantity of the jth available component used in subsystem i; mi = number of available components for subsystem i; s = number of subsystems; nmax,i = ni à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ nmax,ià ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€š ¬i; C(x) = system cost as a function of x; W(x) = system weight as a function of x; C, W, R = system-level constraint limits for cost,weight, and reliability; k = minimum number of operating components required for subsystem; ÃŽÂ »ij = parameter for exponential distribution, fij(t) = ÃŽÂ »ij exp(à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ijt); Fj = feasible solutions contained on the tabu list; Tj = total number of solutions on the tabu list; à Ã‚ j = feasibility ratio, à Ã‚ j = Fj/Tj . Explanation of the work presented in journal articles The RAP function can be formulated with system reliability as the objective function or in the constraint set. Problem(p1) maximizes the system reliability and problem(p2) maximizes the system cost. The TS requires determination of a tabu list of unavailable moves as it successively proceeds from one step to another. For the series parallel system, the encoding is a permutation code of size à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi=1 s nmax, I representing the list of components in each subsystem including nonused components. The tabu list length is reset every 20 iterations to an integer value distributed uniformly between [s, 3s] and [14s,18s] for Problems (P1) (s = 14) and (P2) (s = 2), respectively. TSRAP is done through four steps. The first step involves generating a feasible random initial solution. S integers are chosen from the discrete uniform distribution, representing the number of components in parallel for each subsystem. Using this procedure, a solution is produced with an average number of components per subsystem. It becomes the initial solution if feasible, else the whole process is repeated. The second step checks for possible defined moves for each subsystem in the neighborhood. The TSRAP that allows component mixing within the subsystem allows for its first move to change the number of a particular component type by adding or subtracting one. The TSRAP that does not allow component mixing involves changing the number of components by adding or subtracting one for all individual subsystems. These moves are advantageous as they do not require re-calculation of the entire system reliability. The best among the two types of moves that are performed independently are selected. The selected move is the best move available, hence it is called best move. If the solution is TABU and the solution is not better than the best so far solution then it is disallowed and step 1 is repeated, else it is accepted. The third step involves updating the Tabu list. To check for the feasibility of an entry in the Tabu list, the system cost and weight are stored with the subsystem structure involved in the move within the tabu list. The fourth and the final step is checking for the stopping criterion. It is the maximum number of iterations without finding an improvement in the best feasible so far. When reached at a solution, the search is completed and the best feasible so far is the is the TSRAP recommended solution. An adaptive penalty method has been developed for problems solved by TS as they prove to give better solutions. The objective function for the infeasible solution is penalized by using subtractive or additive penalty function. A light penalty is imposed on the infeasible solutions within the NFT region( Near Feasible Treshold) and heavily penalized beyond it. The penalized objective function is based on the unpenalized objective function, the degree of infeasibility and information from the TS short-term and long-term memory. The objective function is for problem 1: Rp(to;x) is the penalized objective function. The un penalized system reliability of the best solution so far is represented by Rall and Rfeas represents the system reliability of the best feasible solution found so far. If Rall and Rfeas are equal or close to each other in value then the search continues, else if Rall is greater then Rfeas, there is a difficulty in finding the feasible solutions and the penalty is made larger to filter the search into the feasible region. Similarly, the objective function for problem 2 is: Cp(x) is the penalized objective function. Call is the unpenalized (feasible or infeasible) system cost of the best solution found so far, and Cfeas is the system cost of the best feasible solution found so far. Discussion of Contributions The most important contribution is that as a result of this paper it is now proved that the Tabu search is a more efficient method that the mathematical programming technique and the genetic algorithms. The penalization method was used which proved to give better results too. As a result of this paper, complex problem domains can now be optimized better using the Tabu search. As a result of this paper, weve come to realize that TSRAP is better in performance and results in greater efficiency than GA although they are almost similar in procedures. Due to the short schedules to find the optimal solution for complex redundancy allocation problems, Tabu search is found to be the most efficient approach. Discussion of Dificiency and Potential Improvements Although an unexploited approach to find the optimal solution has been tried and tested to be efficient, there is potential for future scope. In this paper , the TS approach used is rather simple in a way that few factors that could have been were not incorporated. Features that are normally used such as candidate lists and long term memory strategies which prove to be more effective were not used. The use of these features can prove to be more efficient in complex problems. There are opportunities for improved effectiveness and efficiency by considering the addition of these features to the TS devised  here. Summary TS has previously been demonstrated to be a successful optimization approach for many diverse problem domains. So, TS approach , as a result of this paper has been tried and tested to be more efficient approach to the complex problems domain of the redundancy allocation problem. The use of penalty function in this research has promoted the search in the infeasible region by changing the NFT. In this paper, TS has been tested in three different problems and has provided more efficient results than the other alternative methods. When compared, the TS produces better results than the genetic algorithm method. In spite of this, the use of features such as candidate lists and long term memory strategies could have been to be more effective in complex problem domains. References Bellman, R.E. and Dreyfus, E. (1962) Applied Dynamic Programming,  Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Bland, J.A. (1998a) Memory-based technique for optimal structural design.  Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 11(3), 319-  325. Bland, J.A. (1998b) Structural design optimization with reliability constraints  using tabu search. Engineering Optimization, 30(1), 55-74. Brooks, R.R., Iyengar, S.S. and Rai, S. (1997) Minimizing cost of redundant  sensor-systems with non-monotone and monotone search  algorithms, in Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability  Symposium, IEEE, New York, pp. 307-313. Bulfin, R.L. and Liu, C.Y. (1985) Optimal allocation of redundant components  for large systems. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 34, 241-247. Chern, M.S. (1992) On the computational complexity of reliability redundancy  allocation in a series system. Operations Research Letters,11, 309-315.  

Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay example -- T.S. Eliot Lust Sex R

Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The pursuit of youth, of sex, of â€Å"yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window panes,† some pursue this their whole lives, a bachelor looking in the corners of streets and bars for a bit of youth and company. This is the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot, 1917. It is the song and love story of men who search for their lover in places absent of love and instead only finds lust. Those who only find lust in these lonely places eventually become old, as the speaker of the poem realizes. The only argument in this poem is that of a man much past his prime, arguing to himself whether to retire the chase; the author uses logos, ethos and pathos when arguing to himself, and you, about giving up the Darwinian chase. The author of this poem is T.S. Eliot a modern poet who is a contemporary of Hemingway and Fitzgerald. Much of his work comes from post World War I, a period which was filled with excess and disillusionment with humanity and our ability to create and control civilization. The greatest war in the history of the world up to that point had just been fought. Millions died and the World with all its sadness could do nothing more then try and fill itself with wine and lust. The poem deals partly with this matter, mostly with lust and pursuit of women to find happiness in a world full of dingy sadness. The author addresses himself in this poem. Much similar to you looking at yourself in the mirror and speaking to yourself; asking questions and answering them. A sense of this is achieved in the first stanza when he refers to â€Å"you and I† meaning the self seen by others and the self he perceives. Yet this rhetorical self is juxtaposed next to an ... ...ser to death to argue that he is indeed growing older that because he has fear of death he realizes his youth is now gone. His fear is pathos and an appeal to himself that he is getting older. Remember that he is in discussion with himself and you are the audience to his personal monologue, he does not have to convince you that he is growing old but himself, the man in the mirror. Pathos or the poet’s emotional appeal is that he is afraid of death and simply that means he is growing older. Those who find lust in instead of love in youth find themselves in the situation that T.S. Eliot finds himself in. That situation is growing old and still behaving as a lustful youth wondering what to do and reasoning with yourself over your wasted pursuit of women and whether to continue the chase or give into old age and â€Å"wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled.†

Subliminal Advertising :: essays research papers

Subliminal advertising: A collective term for public announcements designed to promote the sale of specific commodities or services while being integrated below the threshold of perception or awareness. To sell products, merchants consciously use subliminal advertising as a basis for general consumerism. This seems like an unnecessary task, but when taken into consideration all the people, who have expressed their disbelief in its effectiveness, it is obvious to see how vital and necessary such a task commands. Through this, corporations must take on new strategies and methods of persuasion and justification. The importance is that advertisers rely on a trust relationship with consumers in order to successfully subliminally sell products. In other words, those who don't believe in subliminal advertising, are its likely victims. The effect of subliminal advertising on the individual and the culture has been influenced and promoted by many different elements. Let it be magazines, newspapers or radio; but the most prominent in this field is television. Television advertising influences the choices we make, perhaps more so than anyone cares to believe. It may not be so obvious, but even teachers face competition with advertising. Television stations, for example, have some four billion dollars a year from industry to spend on programming for the same students that teacher’s face. Nicholas Johnson, a former Federal Communications Commission Commissioner from 1966 to 1973 writes that television is diametrically opposed to almost everything a teacher tries to do: TV tells them that the only thing necessary to give them all the joys in life and the values that are important is the acquisition of yet another product. TV is telling them to sit still and don't think. TV is telling them that they are to be treated as a mass. He writes that it is extremely important to understand this force in our society if a teacher is to deal with it. He writes the most important thing to know is that advertising is a business. Johnson continues: It is the business of selling. But what it is in the business of selling is you and your students. You are the product being sold. Who are you being sold to? You're being sold to an advertiser. It is the advertiser who is the consumer in this equation. The advertiser is buying you. The advertiser is buying you from the broadcaster. And why the advertiser is buying you is because he wants you to look at his message; his billboard, his magazine ad, and in this instance, his TV commercial.

Tidal Energy Alleviating Mans Demand for Energy Essay -- Water Hydro

Tidal Energy Alleviating Man’s Demand for Energy ABSTRACT The demand for energy has increased rapidly, while its supply has continued to decrease rapidly. Inventors have only worsened the energy crisis by creating â€Å"energy savers† that run on fossil fuels. Yet, the answer is quite simple and lies in the ocean’s tides that can be used as a safer and alternative for energy. France has invented a tidal barrage that now powers 240,000 homes ten hours a day. Other countries are following France’s lead by beginning the construction of their own tidal barrages. However, the world still needs a longer lasting energy source. INTRODUCTION The demand for energy has increased rapidly, while its supply has continued to decrease rapidly. Inventors have created â€Å"energy savers† such as hybrid cars only worsening the problem with its increase in pollution and incredible energy consumption. Hybrid cars run on petroleum and electricity. Meanwhile, people desperately accept it as the Earth’s fossil fuels are rapidly consumed. Yet, the answer is quite simple and lies in the ocean’s tides that can be used as a safer and alternative for energy. The ocean’s tides run through tidal barrages in which turbines rapidly spin and transform low tides into energy. This energy does not pollute the atmosphere nor does it produce any greenhouse effects. Even though tidal barrages are expensive to build and maintain, they produce a lot of safe and free energy. Of course tidal barrages appear to be the ideal solution for the world’s energy crisis. However, tidal barrages effect the environment. Birds migrate away from tidal barrages in order to find ideal living conditions. Fish are caught and killed by the Tidal Energy 2 spinning turbines.... ...oduction to Ocean Energy. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from National Renewable Energy Laboratory Website: http://www.nrel.gov/clean_energy/ocean.html Economically Viable Energy from the World’s Oceans. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Eco World Website: http://www.ecoworld.rog/water/articles/articles2.cfm?TID=334 Tidal Power. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Energy Quest Website: http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter14.html Tidal Power. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Wikipedia Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power Tidal Energy. Retrieved July 20, 2005 from Vision Engineer Website: http://www.visionengineer.com/env/tidal.shtml Ocean Tidal Technical FAQ. Retrieved August 1, 2005, from Poemsinc Website: http://www.poemsinc.org/FAQtidal.html, Technology. Retrieved August 2, 2005, form Marine Turbines Website: http://www.marineturbines.com/technical.htm

Kobe Bean Bryant Essay

Kobe Bean Bryant nicknamed the â€Å"Black Mamba† is a professional basketball play who plays in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was born on August 23, 1978. He was drafted right out of high school to play for the Charlotte Hornets, but soon was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers, never playing in Charlotte. Bryant is a five-time champion with the Lakers and a two-time Olympic gold medalist with the USA national team. Bryant was born on August 23 in Philadelphia. Bryant was named after a Japanese steakhouse. He is son of a former NBA player Joe â€Å"Jellybean† Bryant. After the elder Bryant finished his NBA career he took his family overseas where he played in an Italian league. Growing up in Italy where soccer was the most popular sport Bryant grew up loving two sports. He would stay all day playing soccer on the pavement fields all day, then after all the kids went home he worked on perfecting his mid-range jumper. Kobe later returned to Philadelphia where he played in high school with Lower Merion High School. Eyeing the NBA he workout with the nearby NBA team the Philadelphia 76ers. Kobe decided to skip college and head straight to the NBA. He was drafted by the Charlotte Hornets and subsequently traded to the Los Angeles where his career ignited. (Biography.com/Kobe Bryant). Kobe Bryant career did not take long to start in a good manner. In his second year in the NBA as a shooting guard, at the age of 19, he was voted to play in the NBA’s all-star game, becoming the youngest player to appear in the game. Later with the help of Shaquille O’neal the Lakers won three consecutive championships in 2000, 2001, 2002. As he reached the prime of his career without Shaq he had some lackluster season as his team didn’t even nearly compete at the level Kobe was. He was outstanding on January 22, 2006 he scored 81 points and achieving the second highest scoring game in NBA history, only second to Wilt Chamberlain’s 100 point game. Although his race for a title was not yet over in 2008 he linked up with seven footer Pau  Gasol reaching to the NBA finals. They did not win that year but the following year they did in 2009. In 2010 their season was just as great reaching to the NBA finals for a third straight time as Kobe was leading the way . They met their arch rivals again in the games most important stage. They beat the Boston Celtics in a thrilling seven game series. Kobe was named Finals MVP for both of the seasons that they had won the NBA championship. He is now a five-time NBA champion and is still seeking more titles. In the 2013 season he became the youngest player to reach 30000 points at the age of 34. Kobe Bryant is one of the greatest basketball player to ever play the game and will one day be a Hall of Famer. Kobe Bryant has a foundation, â€Å"The Kobe and Vanessa Bryant Family Foundation†, that is dedicated to improving the lives of youth and families in need, both domestically and globally. By providing financial resources and developing unique programs, the foundation strives to strengthen communities through educational and cultural enrichment opportunities. Kobe Bryant is admired by the NBA fans all over the world. They love the excitement he brings to game with his incredible clutch shots and amazing plays. Kobe is also admired for the help he brings to the less fortunate. By helping the financially or educationally. Overall Kobe Bean Bryant is someone you could look up to on and off the court.

How will science and technology change your lives in the future Essay

Ans The theatrical role of Modern applied science and science is change magnitude and has major impact on daily lives of to mean solar days stack, as it bequeath in the future. One trend or an other(a), advancements in Science and technology are affecting people all somewhat the land, in New York and in an unfamiliar place in Africa. Technology affects peoples lives by ameliorate medicines, provides demote treatment for diseases and insures a womb-to-tomb animation. It improves ecstasy by helping people roleplay from one corner of the world to other in hours by utilise exaltation services such as Air fashions, Rail styles, or even Bus Transportation.Modern Technology changed peoples lifestyle and the way they live. For example, straightway its possible to circuit breaker mesh on TV, watch programs, break-dance Live TV, and even playback live shows. Internet surfing is a technology revolution. Because of that technology, a mortal could know what is happening o n the other side of the world, chat with others roughly different matters and even talk using Instant Messaging Services. Watching TV on computers too is possible. Due to Internet, it is now possible to say that the world is at your fingertips.Recent discoveries and scientific breakthrough and throughs such as Cracking the DNA code and mathematical function the Genome may completely change the way people look even out front they are born. Parents can change food coloring of their unborn sons inwardness from blue, black or brown. Diseases that are passed through generations, like diabetes, chronic diseases may be eliminated from the unborn child. Such changes will progress to a child who is disease release and completely immune from world diseases. This major power be helpful, as people would be healthier than before.Due to genetic novelty it maybe possible to extend tender life expectancy, therefore an average person may possibly live up to 150 years healthily. These are some and beat examples that Modern Technology and Science have greater impact on Human beings and the Earth than anything else mankind has do before. Even though with these many scientific and Technological advancements, there are bulky backdrops and disadvantages, scientific and Technological advancements are improving our way of life, but in this supremacy of knowledge, this advancement is hurting the Earth and overly acting in a ostracise way people live.Development of thermonuclear Arsenals is one such example, which could seriously damage Earths environment. Chernobyl blast is the best example of how these Nuclear Plants could lead to closing of millions of lives now and in the future. Use of chemical substance and destructive weapons might one day bring the world to a jobless end where there is no more than humanity because of peoples hobby for knowledge. Other matters of concern are free burning use of limited resources such as oil and coal, and increase in cont aminant in atmosphere due to these minerals. Therefore, Scientific Advancements may also make the world worse.If after 10 years, Genetic athletics is made possible to extend life expectancy, people will live longer and death rate will drop-off thus creating a serious occupation where more resources will consumed and lead to ultimate destruction of forests and natural habitats to make way for people. Therefore, Scientific and Technological advancement is not always good even if it is fashioning the lives of people better and their lives healthier. It is also make social condition and Earths environment worse. In conclusion, Modern Technology has great impact on our day-by-day life and also shapes our future.

Causes of the American Revolution Essay

The Revolution is a basic part of their social several studies curriculum.are some of the starters to the American Revolution. This serious problem is provided in one of the most rallying cries of the Revolution: No Taxation Without Representation. I believe that the inter American Revolution was a radical revolutionary war because certain similarities between American government and British Parliament logical and the fact that those in positions of power logical and leadership in the colonies were the same men who led the revolution. Events like the Boston green Tea Party were acts of civil disobedience.The American Revolution was mostly as a result of matters.Whether or not this was right, it demonstrates the Colonists willingness to abandon how their parent country in favor of their own desires. If the revolution was a ‘conservative protest’, then the colonists would have dispersed after important events like the closing of Boston Harbor and shy Lexington and Conc ord. Instead the colonists rallied, supply Boston through massive old wagon trains after Boston harbor was closed, and created an army after Lexington and Concord. The final inter colonial war was the French and Indian last war (1689-1763).

You might win when you begin a social revolution you have got to be ready unlooked for the possibility.† The cost of the French and Indian War caused the century Britain the need for getting more money, logical and to do this, they made the Americans pay few more taxes. This lead to the rebellion logical and revolution of America. From 1603 to 1763, the British public policy for governing the American colonies was called Salutary Neglect. Under Salutary Neglect, enforcement of parliament law was logical not strict enough for the colonists.It had been due to political personal social and financial issues.† In 1764, Parliament passed an the Sugar logical and Molasses act. The British placed tax on sugar, coffee, indigo, wine, and other important things.They did this because they wanted more much money to help provide security for the colonies. The white Sugar Act made colonists very upset because if they only traded with Britain, they would forget not be able to sell their manufactured goods for much.

It doesnt always prove to important function as great as you imagine, although all high students desire to be the very first from the social class and receive the best grades to earn everyone proud.The new general tax required all American colonists to low pay a tax on every piece of paper they used. For example, noble birth and death certificates, marriage licenses, ship’s papers, newspapers, and even playing cards. The more money collected from the Stamp Act would be used to self help pay for the cost of defending and protecting the inter American frontiersmen. With this act, the colonists’ anger reached the boiling point.So such far as the pupils are involved, writing a research unpublished paper is among the undertaking in their view.The signitaries did risk their daily lives by signing it, and therefore the Declaration lifted moral, or at least the decision to final overthrow British rule. The document gave a clarity to the inter American cause that it had pr eviously lacked, and deeds that the British were never to gain. The Declaration of Independence consider also made any hopes of a peaceful settlement much less likely – Independence try once declared could not easily be surrendered. Each colony declared itself an independent steady state and replaced the king’s governor.

In its judgment, the pro British Empire had been larger.French kings spent lots of money.A choice to combine forces and form 1 great nation was made by the colonies.American colonies couldnt export any new products to earn money.

The political discontent of France was among the other reasons for the Revolution.The frustration was now to select the different kind of rebellion.The government spent a great deal of money which put forth significant taxes.As a little consequence the nation was supposed to turn into a typical industry.

private Individuals were also encouraged to produce investments.Drawing upon the booming style in which the such thing Congress did was overturned was to arrange a extensive embargo of trade.This wars consequences were deep.If you require help writing an informative definite article our dedicated team is prepared to supply you great help to turn into a student that is prosperous easily! Some came to earn money.